in 2020 and 2021 1
F
CQ obtained from the bark of Cinchona trees has been widely used for a long time as an antimalarial agent []
J Seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been so far identified, namely HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, a
Designating cases on the Japanese cruise ship Diamond Princess as a group, the R0 value was about 2
Abstract
Diarrhea
Diarrhea was reported in about 20‐25% of patients with SARS, while intestinal symptoms were rarely described in patients with COVID‐19
The pathogen was soon identified as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is closely related to sever acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV)
They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world
Food and Drug Administration, also called the FDA, allowed emergency use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat COVID-19
Neither drug prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are under investigation for treatment of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), with or without azithromycin (AZ), has been found to have efficacy as a treatment for COVID-19 in some studies [1,2], while other studies have not shown efficacy [3,4]
9 µM [1]
64 million positive cases and high mortality as of 5 Since chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can inhibit the invasion and proliferation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cultured cells, the repurposing of these antimalarial drugs was considered a promising strategy for treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of a number of conditions, such as malaria, for several years
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19)
Comparing to the Lopinavir/Ritonavir group, the percentages of patients who became SARS-CoV-2 Results
For the treatment of COVID-19, the used daily dosages of HCQ have ranged between 800 and 1,600 mg
We show results of the first clinical trials on chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID-19, as well as earlier reports on the anticoronaviral properties of these two Abstract
Introduction
This targeted update includes data from RCTs and quasi-experimental studies comparing the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (with or without a macrolide) with standard care as a treatment for COVID-19
These inhibitory effects are observed when the
Poor methods and reporting
Compared with usual care, hydroxychloroquine made no difference to the risk of developing COVID-19, or antibodies to the virus, in people exposed to it (1 study; 2525 people)
Hydroxychloroquine is not recommended as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
No
To the Editor: Rapid antigen tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are effective tools for the diagnosis of acute infection
" Rates of routine cancer screening and diagnosis before vs after the COVID-19 pandemic
The observed all-site cancer incidence rates were 29% lower than projected during the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response (between March and May
A recent paper reported that both chloroquine and the antiviral drug remdesivir inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and suggested these drugs be assessed in human patients suffering from COVID-19
Multiple studies have provided data demonstrating that hydroxychloroquine is ineffective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease
Food and Drug Administration, also called the FDA, allowed emergency use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases
Study results on their effectiveness have been mixed
The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19
There is cautious optimism that (hydroxy)chloroquine may have prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects against COVID-19, and understanding the mechanisms by which these drugs affect SARS-CoV-2 Poor methods and reporting
Importance: There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Caused by a new virus, SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 is related to the common cold and the SARS-CoV1 virus that was responsible for the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) infection in Asia, causing about
2020) 9: CQ (600 mg) on day 1, then 300 mg twice daily for 5 days or Remdesivir for 100 mg once daily for 2 The antimalarial drug chloroquine has been shown to be effective in vitro against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in Vero E6 cells with an effective concentration 50% (EC 50) of 1
The antiviral effects of CQ and HCQ have been demonstrated in vitro due to
For HCQ and chloroquine we found ample in vitro evidence of antiviral activity
Expert opinion
Different publications have discussed the possible efficacy of the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) and its derivatives as a possible treatment against